and in the preservation in early Greek architecture of the mega-ron, which was widespread in Mycenaean architecture. Placing the Mediterranean Sea at the center of his map.
Their opponents, the so-called harmonists, supported Aristoxenus (fourth century), who held that the criterion of a musical work is hearing, the living perception of the music by man. The work begun by Aristotle in history and natural science was continued by his students Theophrastus in classical botany, the history of physics, and ethics, Eudemus in ethics and the history of the sciences, Aristoxenus in the theory of music, and Dicaearchus in the history of Greek culture. This approach is associated with the German scholar B. G. Niebuhr, who subjected classical authors to critical analysis and provided the first examples of the scientific reconstruction of ancient history (the so-called critical school). 406 BC — Sparta sues for peace, but Athens rejects this. Significant contributions have been made in the study of various problems of ancient Greek history, including ethnogenesis and the most ancient Cretan-Mycenaean period (the Bulgarian scholar V. Georgiev), the establishment of the city-state system (the Czech historians B. Borecky and P. Oliva), and various aspects of socioeconomic relations, in particular, slavery (the Bulgarian scholars V. Velkov and Kh. The excavations begun between the 1870’s and the 1890’s in Athens, Delphi, and Olympia led to the discovery of many monuments of architecture, sculpture, and vase painting from the so-called Homeric and archaic periods. Newly born infants were inspected by members of the gerousia, and only the healthy children were selected for education by the state. Simonides. Epicurus advanced the hypothesis of the spontaneous deflection of atoms from a straight trajectory. were fundamentally broadened with the discovery of the pediments of the Temple of Zeus at Olympia. Outstanding among these for their depth and thoroughness are the works of the French scholar C. Picard on the history of Greek sculpture. and Parmenides). In the middle of the fifth century classical art attained its highest flowering (the so-called high classicism). Weak and sickly children, according to legend, were thrown into the ravine of Mt. Arrian (second century A.D.). Greek artistic monuments have been preserved not only in the Balkan Peninsula but also in Asia Minor, in southern Italy, and on the islands and coastline of the Mediterranean Sea, as well as along the northern Black Sea Shore. Empedocles (fifth century), the founder of the Sicilian medical school, attempted to explain the growth of human embryo. The literary portrait in historiography (Xenophon), in eloquence (Isocrates), and in the philosophical dialogue (Plato) was one of the achievements of this time.
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