Discover the diverse range of soldiers who contributed to the British First World War effort at Gallipoli.
The first troop convoy destined for the war set off from Albany, Western Australia, on 1 November 1914. Each year on Anzac Day, New Zealanders (and Australians) mark the anniversary of the Gallipoli landings of 25 April 1915. The Australians, on cresting the ridge after an up-hill scramble, found Ottoman reinforcements arriving: they made for the heights of Chunuk Bair and Hill 971. On 25 April, British, Australian, and New Zealand troops landed in Gallipoli, while French troops tried to create a diversion to their south.
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Early on 25 April 1915, while the French made a diversionary attack at Kum Kale on the Asian shore, the 29th Division landed on the tip of the peninsula at Cape Helles. "It was a great victory for the Turks," said Mr Cornish. Field Marshal Sir Douglas Haig commanded the British Army when it achieved arguably its greatest victories, those over the Germans on the Western Front.
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The fighting at W Beach was so furious that the Lancashire Fusiliers won an unprecedented ‘six VCs [Victoria Crosses] before breakfast’. How did soldiers endure the filth, sickness, disease, and death for so long?
Fought during the First World War (1914-18) from 25 April 1915 to 9 January 1916, Gallipoli was the first major amphibious operation in modern warfare.
When mines and Turkish shore defences prevented the French and British navies from passing through the Dardanelles it was decided that troops should make landings at points along the Gallipoli peninsula. Thoroughly enjoyed it. Historic documents from the Memorial's Collection can be transcribed using a simple tool on this website. Most of the withdrawn Allied troops re-grouped in Egypt where they provided much-needed reinforcements for the Sinai and Palestine campaign.
Hamilton resisted, fearing the loss of both his own and British prestige. At W and V Beaches, the British faced well-defended positions obstructed with barbed wire, and suffered appalling casualties. He personally led the 57th Regiment in a counter-attack. "He wrote a letter to my granddad in April 1915," said Mr Emsley.
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General Sir Ian Hamilton was tasked with leading a hastily planned invasion that underestimated the Ottoman defences.
It could also open a supply route to Russia through the Black Sea and at best knock Turkey out of the war altogether.
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This education package provides a summary of Australian service on Gallipoli in 1915, as well as stories of those who were there. With only a tenuous grip on the peninsula, a concerted effort to break the stalemate began in August.
Some 57,000 Allied troops lost their lives during the campaign.
The National Commemoration of Gallipoli will take place at the Cenotaph on 25 April.
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