Sociology has thus divided into a number of schools. ", ThoughtCo uses cookies to provide you with a great user experience. With an economy based more on industry than agriculture, the North enjoyed a steady flow of European immigrants. The four theories of the causes of World War I are the July Crisis, Cult of the Offensive, German Domestic politics, and Realism. In order to assess the causes of wars, a theoretical approach is useful to broaden our understanding and perspective on the issue. We use these cases as raw material for case studies, asking "if these episodes were the subject of case studies, how should those studies be performed, and what could be learned from them?". For more information about using these materials and the Creative Commons license, see our Terms of Use. Freely browse and use OCW materials at your own pace. The Compromise of 1850 was created by Henry Clay and others to deal with the balance between pro-slavery states and free states. However, throughout history there are as many invasions and annexations that did not lead to a war, such as the U.S.-led invasion of Haiti in 1994, the Nazi invasions of Austria and Czechoslovakia preceding the Second World War, and the annexation of the Baltic states by the Soviet Union in 1940. The Argentinean dictatorship knew that Britain had the ability to defeat them but their intelligence failed them on the question of whether the British would use their power to resist the annexation of the Falklands. » Douglas won only Missouri and a portion of New Jersey. This notion is generally agreed to by almost all scholars of war since Karl von Clausewitz. Massachusetts Institute of Technology: MIT OpenCourseWare, https://ocw.mit.edu. Nicholson. While purely random events, such as storms or the right person dying at the right time, might have had some effect on history, these only influence a single battle or slightly alter the outcome of a war, but would not mean the difference between victory and defeat. Courtesy of the White House). John C. Bell represented the Constitutional Union Party, a group of conservative Whigs hoping to avoid secession.
» During the Mexican War, the debate began about what would happen with the new territories the U.S. expected to gain upon victory. One major difficulty is that in a conflict of interests, some deception or at least not telling everything, is a standard tactical component on both sides. They felt that the states should still have the right to decide if they were willing to accept certain federal acts. As with most wars, however, there was no single cause. The presidential election of 1860 would be the deciding point for the Union. If war is innate to human nature, as is presupposed by many psychological theories, then there is little hope of ever escaping it. Data looked at by R.J. Rummel has found that civil wars and foreign wars are very different in origin, but Jonathan Wilkenfield using different data found just the opposite.
Increasingly, Northerners became more polarized against enslavement. Many sociologists have attempted to divide wars into types to get better correlations, but this has also produced mixed results. There are some conditions and situations that make them more likely but there can be no system for predicting where and when each one will occur. People such as William Lloyd Garrison and Frederick Douglass wanted immediate freedom for all enslaved people. Did Uncle Tom's Cabin Help to Start the Civil War? Abraham Lincoln represented the new Republican Party and Stephen Douglas, the Northern Democrat, was seen as his biggest rival. A group that included Theodore Weld and Arthur Tappan advocated for emancipating enslaved people slowly. It created two new territories that would allow the states to use popular sovereignty to determine whether they would be free states or pro-slavery states. Scholars and policymakers have sought the answers to these questions for centuries. The American decision to enter the Vietnam War was made with the full knowledge that the communist forces would resist them, but did not believe that the guerillas had the capability to long oppose American forces. Causes of War: Theory and Method. The 13 states formed a loose Confederation with a very weak federal government. All of the issues of the young nation were dividing the political parties and reshaping the established two-party system of Whigs and Democrats. When Eli Whitney invented the cotton gin in 1793, cotton became very profitable. Before explain the concept and the realist perspective, this paper will show the basic idea and assumption of realism. On the other hand there is a case for avoiding war in the Democratic peace theory, since liberal democracies rarely go to war against each other. The leaders of these nations chose not to resist as they saw the potential benefits being not worth the loss of life and destruction such resistance would cause.
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